Inventory
Carrying Cost
The cost of carrying inventory, even excess or
written-off inventory, is usually between 25% to 35%
of the original purchase price of the inventory! The
carrying cost of inventory is the cost of
maintaining your average inventory investment of
inventory in your warehouse, storeroom, stockroom,
or other location where you stock raw materials or
finished goods. What costs do you incur in carrying
inventory?
· Handling Cost: This includes the labor of
putting away stock receipts and moving material
within the warehouse. How much of your employees'
time is spent in these activities?
· Rent and utilities for the portion of your
warehouse used to store stock inventory.
· Insurance and taxes on inventory. If it's
in your warehouse, you have to insure it, and it may
be subject to tax.
· Physical inventory and cycle counting. The
more material in your warehouse, the longer it takes
to count.
· Inventory shrinkage and obsolescence. The
more material in your warehouse, the higher the
possibility of shrinkage and obsolescence. After
all, it's hard to steal something that isn't there!
· Opportunity cost of the money invested in
inventory. How much could you make if you were
to take the money you're investing in inventory and
invest it in a more traditional investment (such as
treasury bills)? Or if you are financing your
inventory, how much interest are you currently
paying the bank?
The carrying cost percentage is calculated by
dividing the sum of these expenses (along with the
opportunity cost) by the average inventory value.
Interested in calculating YOUR company's inventory
carrying cost? Here are some questions to guide you:
Overall
Inventory Value:
· What was your average inventory value over the
past 12 months (sum of month-ending inventory values
divided by 12)?
Surplus
Inventory Value:
· What is your original book value of your surplus
electronic component inventory?
Handling
Labor:
· What was your total warehouse labor expense
(wages, taxes, and benefits) during the past 12
months (including the expense of inspection, putting
away stock, moving from bin to bin as necessary,
assembling kits, and filling customer orders)?
· What percentage of warehouse activity is
dedicated to filling customer orders and transfers?
· If additional labor was necessary to conduct
physical counts of your inventory, what was the cost
of this labor (including taxes and benefits)?
Warehousing/Storage
Costs:
· Is this warehouse owned or rented?
· If the warehouse is rented, what is the monthly
rent?
· If the warehouse is owned, what is the rental
cost of comparable warehouse space under a
"triple net" lease (i.e. a lease where the
tenant pays all utilities, maintenance, and property
taxes)?
· How many square feet (or meters) is your
facility?
· How many square feet (or meters) is your
warehouse?
· What were the total warehouse utilities you paid
last year?
· What were the total property taxes you paid last
year?
· What was your total warehouse maintenance expense
last year?
· What was your total warehouse supply expense,
excluding shipping materials (that is, storage boxes
and other supplies used in the process of receiving
and stocking material)?
Handling
Equipment Costs:
· What was the cost of warehouse equipment that was
expensed (i.e. not capitalized) last year?
· What was your total depreciation expense for
warehouse equipment last year?
Shrinkage
and Obsolescence:
· What was the value of written-off inventory last
year?
· What was the value of inventory shrinkage last
year (not included in the written-off inventory
value)?
· How much current inventory is in excess of a
12-month supply (a value equal to monthly demand x
12)?
Insurance:
· What was the cost of insuring your warehouse and
equipment last year?
· What was the cost of insuring your inventory last
year?
Taxes:
· What was the cost of any inventory taxes you paid
last year?
Cost
of Money:
· If you borrow money to finance your inventory,
what was the average outstanding balance over the
past 12 months?
· What is the annual interest rate?
· If you finance your own inventory purchases, what
interest rate could you expect to receive if you
invested that money in a relatively safe
income-producing investment?